{"id":8012,"date":"2024-03-04T08:38:35","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T07:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/?page_id=8012"},"modified":"2024-07-24T09:32:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:32:58","slug":"kurs-python-funkcje","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/blog\/kurs-python-funkcje\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurs Python: Funkcje"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Celem tworzenia funkcji w programowaniu jest stworzenie kodu, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017cna wywo\u0142a\u0107 wielokrotnie w dowolnym momencie programu i dla r\u00f3\u017cnych danych. We\u017amy prosty przyk\u0142ad obliczania \u015bredniej wszystkich liczb parzystych znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 w li\u015bcie. Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje jak wykona\u0107 tak\u0105 operacj\u0119 be\u017c u\u017cycia funkcji:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"lista = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\nsuma_parzystych = 0\nilosc_parzystych = 0\n\nfor liczba in lista:\n    if liczba % 2 == 0:\n        suma_parzystych += liczba\n        ilosc_parzystych += 1\n        \nsrednia_parzystych = suma_parzystych \/ ilosc_parzystych\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">ilosc_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> lista:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        ilosc_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">srednia_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> ilosc_parzystych<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Widzimy, \u017ce poza deklaracj\u0105 listy potrzebujemy u\u017cycia p\u0119tli oraz instrukcji warunkowej, aby obliczy\u0107 tak zdefiniowan\u0105 \u015bredni\u0105. Je\u017celi program wymaga wielokrotnego wykonania takiej operacji stanie si\u0119 to bardzo k\u0142opotliwe. Z tego wzgl\u0119du wykorzystuje si\u0119 funkcje. Dzi\u0119ki temu nie ma konieczno\u015bci wielokrotnego powtarzania tego samego kodu. Wykorzystanie funkcji ma jeszcze kilka innych zalet, kt\u00f3re om\u00f3wi\u0119 w tym artykule. Zacznijmy od rozwi\u0105zania powy\u017cszego problemu z wykorzystaniem funkcji.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_f4c0dc-5a\">Tworzenie funkcji w Pythonie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 podstawowej strukturze funkcji w j\u0119zyku Python, kt\u00f3ra jest przedstawiona na rysunku poni\u017cej. Definicj\u0119 funkcji zaczynamy od s\u0142owa kluczowego <code>def<\/code>, po kt\u00f3rym umieszczamy nazw\u0119 funkcji, nast\u0119pnie w nawiasach okr\u0105g\u0142ych znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 argumenty funkcji, czyli zmienne, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 do wykonania operacji. Lini\u0119 ko\u0144czymy znakiem <code>:<\/code>. W nast\u0119pnej linii od wci\u0119cia zapisujemy cia\u0142o funkcji, czyli wszystkie operacje, kt\u00f3re funkcja ma wykona\u0107. Podsumowuj\u0105c, w tym przyk\u0142adzie tworzymy funkcj\u0119 <code>srednia_parzystych<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra b\u0119dzie wykonywa\u0142a okre\u015blone operacje na zmiennej o nazwie <code>lista<\/code>. Funkcje zwraca zmienn\u0105 <code>wynik<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image8012_44e894-1a.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image8012_44e894-1a .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:550px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image8012_44e894-1a.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image8012_44e894-1a .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image8012_44e894-1a figure{max-width:550px;}.kb-image8012_44e894-1a .image-is-svg, .kb-image8012_44e894-1a .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image8012_44e894-1a .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image8012_44e894-1a\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"368\" src=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2-1024x368.webp\" alt=\"Python - tworzenie funkcji\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-8059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2-1024x368.webp 1024w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2-300x108.webp 300w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2-768x276.webp 768w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2-1536x553.webp 1536w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/Python-funkcja-2.webp 2012w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Tworzenie funkcji w Pythonie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzupe\u0142nijmy teraz funkcj\u0119 <code>srednia_parzystych<\/code> o kod konieczny do obliczenia po\u017c\u0105danej warto\u015bci. Przeanalizujmy kod poni\u017cej: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"def srednia_parzystych(lista):\n    suma_parzystych = 0\n    ilosc_parzystych = 0\n\n    for liczba in lista:\n        if liczba % 2 == 0:\n            suma_parzystych += liczba\n            ilosc_parzystych += 1\n\n    if ilosc_parzystych == 0:\n        return 0\n\n    srednia_parzystych = suma_parzystych \/ ilosc_parzystych\n    return srednia_parzystych\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">srednia_parzystych<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(lista):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    ilosc_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> lista:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">            suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczba<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">            ilosc_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> ilosc_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    srednia_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> suma_parzystych <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> ilosc_parzystych<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> srednia_parzystych<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaczynaj\u0105c od linii 2, w funkcji tworzone s\u0105 zmienne <code>suma_parzystych<\/code> i <code>ilosc_parzystych<\/code>. Nastp\u0119nie przy u\u017cyciu p\u0119tli <code>for<\/code> (linie 5-8) zmienne te s\u0105 odpowiednio modyfikowane, tak aby odpowiada\u0142y warto\u015bciom zawartym w li\u015bcie <code>lista<\/code>. Funkcja obliczy i zwr\u00f3ci poprzez s\u0142owo kluczowe <code>return<\/code> warto\u015b\u0107 <code>srednia_parzystych<\/code> dla zadanej zmiennej <code>lista<\/code>. W liniach 10-11 znajduje si\u0119 instrukcja warunkowa, kt\u00f3ra zwr\u00f3ci wynik 0, je\u015bli w li\u015bcie nie ma warto\u015bci parzystych. Wyst\u0105pienie s\u0142owa <code>return<\/code> powoduje, \u017ce funkcje ko\u0144czy swoje dzia\u0142anie. Dlatego wyst\u0119pienie tego warunku swpoduje, \u017ce dalsze operacje (linie 13-14) nie zostan\u0105 wykonane.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d7b10c-c7\">Wywo\u0142anie funkcji w Pythonie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Do tej pory zdefiniowali\u015bmy funkcj\u0119, jednak nie wykonali\u015bmy oblicze\u0144 dla zdefiniowanych danych. Do tego celu trzeba wywo\u0142a\u0107 funkcj\u0119. Robimy to przez podanie nazwy funkcji wraz z argumentami, jak poni\u017cej:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"moja_lista = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\nwynik1 = srednia_parzystych(moja_lista)\nprint(&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie:&quot;, wynik1)\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">moja_lista <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">wynik1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> srednia_parzystych(moja_lista)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie:&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, wynik1)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W przyk\u0142adzie powy\u017cej najpierw zdefiniowali\u015bmy list\u0119, po czym wywo\u0142ali\u015bmy funkcj\u0119 <code>srednia_parzystych<\/code>, podaj\u0105c zmienn\u0105 <code>moja_lista<\/code> jako argument. Wynik dzia\u0142ania funkcji jest przypisany do zmiennej <code>wynik1<\/code> i nast\u0119pnie wy\u015bwietlony na konsoli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ju\u017c wcze\u015bniej wspomnia\u0142em, g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 zalet\u0105 funkcji jest mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 jej wywo\u0142ywania dla r\u00f3\u017cnych danych. Takie rozwi\u0105zanie pokaza\u0142em w poni\u017cszym kodzie, kt\u00f3ry wykonuje obliczenia dla trzech r\u00f3\u017cnych list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"lista_1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\nprint(&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 1:&quot;, srednia_parzystych(lista_1))\n\nlista_2 = [1, 3, 5, 8, 9]\nprint(&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 2:&quot;, srednia_parzystych(lista_2))\n\nlista_3 = [11, 13, 15, 17, 19]\nprint(&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 3:&quot;, srednia_parzystych(lista_3))\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista_1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 1:&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, srednia_parzystych(lista_1))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista_2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 2:&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, srednia_parzystych(lista_2))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista_3 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">11<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">13<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">15<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">17<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">19<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 3:&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, srednia_parzystych(lista_3))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 1: 6.0<br>\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 2: 8.0<br>\u015arednia warto\u015b\u0107 parzystych liczb w li\u015bcie 3: 0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u017cycie uprzednio zdefiniowanej funkcji jest proste i wygodne. Minimalizuje ilo\u015b\u0107 kodu, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c ryzyko pope\u0142nienia dodatkowych b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. Mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c okre\u015bli\u0107 jak program ma si\u0119 zachowa\u0107 w przypadku nietypowych danych. W przedstawionym przyk\u0142adzie funkcja zwraca warto\u015b\u0107 zero, gdy lista nie zawiera liczb parzystych. To rozwi\u0105zanie mo\u017cna modyfikowa\u0107 wed\u0142ug potrzeb.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_619d0e-6e\">Argumenty funkcji Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Funkcja mo\u017ce nie posiada\u0107 argument\u00f3w, w przypadku, gdy nie potrzebuje \u017cadnych danych do dzia\u0142ania. Przyk\u0142adowa funkcja przedstawiona poni\u017cej s\u0142u\u017cy do wy\u015bwietlania komunikatu o dzisiejszej dacie. Jak wida\u0107 po nazwie funkcji <code>dzisiejsza_data<\/code> wyst\u0119puj\u0105 puste nawiasy okr\u0105g\u0142e. Wywo\u0142anie funkcji w linii jedenastej odbywa si\u0119 poprzez podanie nazwy funkcji z pustymi nawiasami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"from datetime import date\n\ndef dzisiejsza_data():\n  dzis = date.today()\n  return dzis.strftime(&quot;%Y-%m-%d&quot;)\n\n# Wywo\u0142anie funkcji i wy\u015bwietlenie wyniku\ndzis = dzisiejsza_data()\nprint(f&quot;Dzisiejsza data to: {dzis}&quot;)\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> datetime <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> date<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">dzisiejsza_data<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  dzis <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> date.today()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> dzis.strftime(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;%Y-%m-<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">%d<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Wywo\u0142anie funkcji i wy\u015bwietlenie wyniku<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">dzis <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> dzisiejsza_data()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Dzisiejsza data to: <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">dzis<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Dzisiejsza data to: 2024-03-04<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Wywo\u0142anie funkcji musi opowiada\u0107 definicji funkcji, zatem liczba argument\u00f3w r\u00f3wnie\u017c powinna by\u0107 zgodna. Je\u017celi wywo\u0142amy funkcj\u0119 <code>srednia_parzystych<\/code> bez argument\u00f3w:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"srednia_parzystych()\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">srednia_parzystych()<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To otrzymamy komunikat o b\u0142\u0119dzie <code>TypeError<\/code> i informacj\u0119 o brakuj\u0105cym argumencie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)\nCell In&#91;5], line 1\n----&gt; 1 srednia_parzystych()\n\nTypeError: srednia_parzystych() missing 1 required positional argument: 'lista'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_9c92a3-56\">Argumenty domy\u015blne funkcji<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>W Pythonie mamy mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 ustawienia domy\u015blnej warto\u015bci argumentu. Rozwa\u017cmy poni\u017csz\u0105 funkcj\u0119 <code>stworz_zamowienie<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra jak wskazuje nazwa tworzy zam\u00f3wienie na towar (<code>przedmiot<\/code>). Widzimy, \u017ce funkcja ma dwa argumenty: <code>przedmiot <\/code>oraz <code>termin_realizacji<\/code>. Argument <code>termin_realizacji<\/code> ma przypisan\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 7 w pierwszej linii definiuj\u0105cej funkcj\u0119, co oznacza, \u017ce je\u017celi wywo\u0142amy funkcj\u0119 bez podania tego argumentu, zostanie mu przypisana warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"def stworz_zamowienie(przedmiot, termin_realizacji=7):\n  &quot;&quot;&quot;\n  Funkcja tworzy s\u0142ownik z zam\u00f3wieniem.\n\n  Argumenty:\n    przedmiot (str): Nazwa przedmiotu zam\u00f3wienia.\n    termin_realizacji (int): Termin realizacji zam\u00f3wienia w dniach. Domy\u015blnie 7.\n\n  Zwraca:\n    dict: S\u0142ownik z kluczami &quot;przedmiot&quot; i &quot;termin_realizacji&quot;.\n  &quot;&quot;&quot;\n  zamowienie = {\n    &quot;przedmiot&quot;: przedmiot,\n    &quot;termin_realizacji&quot;: termin_realizacji,\n  }\n  return zamowienie\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line cbp-line-highlight\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">stworz_zamowienie<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(przedmiot, termin_realizacji<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;&quot;&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">  Funkcja tworzy s\u0142ownik z zam\u00f3wieniem.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">  Argumenty:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">    przedmiot (str): Nazwa przedmiotu zam\u00f3wienia.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">    termin_realizacji (int): Termin realizacji zam\u00f3wienia w dniach. Domy\u015blnie 7.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">  Zwraca:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">    dict: S\u0142ownik z kluczami &quot;przedmiot&quot; i &quot;termin_realizacji&quot;.<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #032F62\">  &quot;&quot;&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  zamowienie <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> {<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;przedmiot&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: przedmiot,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;termin_realizacji&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">: termin_realizacji,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  }<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> zamowienie<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wywo\u0142ajmy teraz funkcj\u0119 <code>stworz_zamowienie<\/code> na dwa sposoby. W pierwszym podamy tylko jeden argument &#8220;Laptop&#8221;, a w drugim dwa argumenty: &#8220;Telefon&#8221; oraz liczb\u0119 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"# Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia funkcji stworz_zamowienie\nzamowienie1 = stworz_zamowienie(&quot;Laptop&quot;)\nzamowienie2 = stworz_zamowienie(&quot;Telefon&quot;, 14)\n\nprint(f&quot;Zam\u00f3wienie 1: {zamowienie1}&quot;)\nprint(f&quot;Zam\u00f3wienie 2: {zamowienie2}&quot;)\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia funkcji stworz_zamowienie<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> stworz_zamowienie(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Laptop&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> stworz_zamowienie(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Telefon&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Zam\u00f3wienie 1: <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie1<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Zam\u00f3wienie 2: <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie2<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Zam\u00f3wienie 1: {'przedmiot': 'Laptop', 'termin_realizacji': 7}\nZam\u00f3wienie 2: {'przedmiot': 'Telefon', 'termin_realizacji': 14}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Widzimy powy\u017cej, \u017ce przypisanie domy\u015blnej warto\u015bci do argumentu powoduje, \u017ce mo\u017cemy wywo\u0142a\u0107 funkcj\u0119 z jego pomini\u0119ciem. Co do przydatno\u015bci tego rozwi\u0105zania, to przyk\u0142ad powy\u017cej dobrze to ilustruje. W sytuacjach, gdy warto\u015b\u0107 zmiennej jest &#8220;standardowa&#8221; mo\u017cemy z g\u00f3ry j\u0105 przyj\u0105\u0107, a odst\u0119pstwa od regu\u0142y mo\u017cemy uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 poprzez podanie warto\u015bci, gdy nie jest ona domy\u015blna.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_ae4036-ab\">Argumenty pozycyjne i nazwane<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Argumenty do funkcji mo\u017cemy przekaza\u0107 do funkcji w postaci argumnt\u00f3w pozycyjnych lub argument\u00f3w nazwanych. Argumenty pozycyjne to warto\u015bci przekazywane do funkcji na podstawie kolejno\u015bci, w jakiej parametry zosta\u0142y wymienione podczas definiowania funkcji. Argumenty nazwane przekazujemy do funkcji w spos\u00f3b <code>argument=warto\u015b\u0107<\/code>. Oba sposoby przedsawiono w poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"# Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia z argumentami pozycyjnymi\nzamowienie1 = stworz_zamowienie(&quot;\u0141adowarka&quot;, 3)\n\n# Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia z argumentami nazwanymi\nzamowienie2 = stworz_zamowienie(termin_realizacji=7, przedmiot=&quot;Telefon&quot;)\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia z argumentami pozycyjnymi<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> stworz_zamowienie(<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;\u0141adowarka&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia z argumentami nazwanymi<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">zamowienie2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> stworz_zamowienie(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">termin_realizacji<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">przedmiot<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;Telefon&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Korzystaj\u0105c z argument\u00f3w pozycyjnych musimy przestrzega\u0107 kolejno\u015bci, w jakiej argumenty zosta\u0142y okre\u015blone w definicji funkcji. Korzystaj\u0105c z argument\u00f3w nazwanych nie ma takiej konieczno\u015bci, poniewa\u017c jednoznacznie okre\u015blamy kt\u00f3r\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107 przypisujemy do kt\u00f3rego argumentu.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_50043d-a4\">Dowolna liczba argument\u00f3w<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>W Pythonie mo\u017cemy przekazywa\u0107 zmienn\u0105 liczb\u0119 argument\u00f3w do funkcji za pomoc\u0105 specjalnych argument\u00f3w:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>*args (argumenty pozycyjne)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>**kwargs (argumenty nazwane)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Poni\u017cszy przyk\u0142ad pokazuje jak przekaza\u0107 zmienn\u0105 liczb\u0119 argument\u00f3w pozycyjnych przy u\u017cyciu <code>*args<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"def add(*liczby):\n    total = 0\n    for num in liczby:\n        total += num\n    return total\n\n\nprint(add(2, 3))\nprint(add(2, 3, 5))\nprint(add(2, 3, 5, 7))\nprint(add(2, 3, 5, 7, 9))\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">liczby):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    total <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> num <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> liczby:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        total <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> num<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> total<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(add(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(add(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(add(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(add(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>5\n10\n17\n26<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Przyk\u0142ad poni\u017cej pokazuje jak u\u017cy\u0107 <code>**kwargs<\/code>. Argumenty s\u0105 przekazywane w postaci s\u0142ownika, przez kt\u00f3ry mo\u017cemy iterowa\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"def witaj(**kwargs):\n    for klucz, wartosc in kwargs.items():\n        print(f&quot;{klucz}: {wartosc}&quot;)\n \nwitaj(imie='Jan', nazwisko='Kowalski', wiek='33')\nwitaj(imie='Mateusz', nazwisko='Witkowski')\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #6F42C1\">witaj<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">**<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">kwargs):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> klucz, wartosc <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> kwargs.items():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">f<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">klucz<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">wartosc<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">witaj(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">imie<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;Jan&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">nazwisko<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;Kowalski&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">wiek<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;33&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">witaj(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">imie<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;Mateusz&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E36209\">nazwisko<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #032F62\">&#39;Witkowski&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>imie: Jan\nnazwisko: Kowalski\nwiek: 33\nimie: Mateusz\nnazwisko: Witkowski<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_0cf303-bc\">Polimorfizm funkcji<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0142owo \u201epolimorfizm\u201d oznacza \u201ewiele form\u201d, a w programowaniu odnosi si\u0119 do metod, funkcji i operator\u00f3w o tej samej nazwie, kt\u00f3re mo\u017cna wykona\u0107 na zmiennych r\u00f3\u017cnych typ\u00f3w. Przyk\u0142adem funkcji polimorficznej jest funkcja <code>len()<\/code>, kt\u00f3ra jak wiemy dzia\u0142a m. in. na listach, stringach czy s\u0142ownikach.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image8012_932a6d-71.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image8012_932a6d-71 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:450px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image8012_932a6d-71.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image8012_932a6d-71 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image8012_932a6d-71 figure{max-width:450px;}.kb-image8012_932a6d-71 .image-is-svg, .kb-image8012_932a6d-71 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image8012_932a6d-71 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image8012_932a6d-71\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/polimorfizm-funkcji-1024x512.webp\" alt=\"Polimorfizm funkcji w pythonie\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-8115\" srcset=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/polimorfizm-funkcji-1024x512.webp 1024w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/polimorfizm-funkcji-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/polimorfizm-funkcji-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/polimorfizm-funkcji.webp 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Polimorfizm funkcji w Pythonie<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_69112e-df\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_69112e-df\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_69112e-df\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_69112e-df wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_69112e-df\">Funkcja lambda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Funkcja lambda to funkcja anonimowa, czyli niezwi\u0105zana z konkretn\u0105 nazw\u0105 do identyfikacji. W j\u0119zyku Python okre\u015blana jest przez jedno wyra\u017cenie i wykorzystywana jest mi\u0119dzy innymi w takich zadaniach jak filtrowanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sk\u0142adnia funkcji lambda jest nast\u0119puj\u0105ca:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lambda argumenty: wyra\u017cenie<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Przyk\u0142adem prostej funkcji lambda jest funkcja, kt\u00f3ra dodaje liczb\u0119 5 do podanej jako argument zmiennej:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"x = lambda a: a + 5\nprint(x(5))\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">lambda<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> a: a <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(x(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Powy\u017csz\u0105 funkcj\u0119 interpretujemy w nast\u0119puj\u0105cy spos\u00f3b: <code>a<\/code> to argument funkcji, kt\u00f3ra oblicza wyra\u017cenie <code>a + 5<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Funkcja lambda mo\u017ce przyjmowa\u0107 wi\u0119cej ni\u017c jeden argument. Funkcja zdefiniowana w poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie oblicza pot\u0119g\u0119 <code>a ** b<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"x = lambda a, b : a ** b\nprint(x(5, 6))\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">lambda<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> a, b : a <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">**<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> b<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(x(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">))<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1\"]{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_21fc54-f1\">Filtrowanie z u\u017cyciem funkcji lambda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bardzo przydatne jest stosowanie funkcji lambda wewn\u0105trz innej funkcji. Jednym z przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w jest filtrowanie. Rozwa\u017cmy nast\u0119puj\u0105cy kod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers cbp-highlight-hover\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#24292e;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);--cbp-line-highlight-color:rgba(16, 41, 67, 0.2);line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;padding:16px 0 0 16px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff\"><span style=\"background:#2f363c;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem 0.2rem;border-radius:1rem;font-size:0.8em;line-height:1;height:1.25rem;text-align:center;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#ffffff\">Python<\/span><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"lista = [15, 22, 53, 68, 201]\n\nlista_filtrowana = list(filter(lambda x: (x % 2 == 0), lista))\nprint(lista_filtrowana)\" style=\"color:#24292e;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-light\" style=\"background-color: #fff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">15<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">53<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">68<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">201<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #24292E\">lista_filtrowana <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">list<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">filter<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">lambda<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> x: (x <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D73A49\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">), lista))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #005CC5\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #24292E\">(lista_filtrowana)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wynik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;22, 68]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Funkcja <code>filter()<\/code> przyjmuje dwa argumenty: funkcj\u0119 anonimow\u0105 lambda oraz list\u0119. Funkcja lambda okre\u015bla warunek filtrowania &#8211; w tym przyk\u0142adzie sprawdza ona czy argument <code>x<\/code> jest liczb\u0105 parzyst\u0105. Wynik dzia\u0142ania funkcji <code>filter()<\/code> jest konwertowany do listy poprzez u\u017cycie funkcji <code>list()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-8012_2f4366-e5 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-8012_2f4366-e5 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-8012_2f4366-e5\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_d25bd3-ec\"><a href=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/blog\/python-operacje-na-plikach\/\">&lt; Kurs Python: operacje na plikach<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading8012_be12c5-63\">Kurs Python: Programowanie obiektowe &gt;<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Celem tworzenia funkcji w programowaniu jest stworzenie kodu, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017cna wywo\u0142a\u0107 wielokrotnie w dowolnym momencie programu i dla r\u00f3\u017cnych danych. We\u017amy prosty przyk\u0142ad obliczania \u015bredniej wszystkich liczb parzystych znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 w li\u015bcie. Poni\u017cszy kod pokazuje jak wykona\u0107 tak\u0105 operacj\u0119 be\u017c u\u017cycia funkcji: Widzimy, \u017ce poza deklaracj\u0105 listy potrzebujemy u\u017cycia p\u0119tli oraz instrukcji warunkowej, aby obliczy\u0107&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/blog\/kurs-python-funkcje\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kurs Python: Funkcje<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":578,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8012","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kurs Python: Funkcje<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Funkcja w Pythonie to blok zorganizowanego kodu przeznaczonego do wielokrotnego u\u017cytku. Funkcje zapewniaj\u0105 lepsz\u0105 organizacj\u0119 programu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/softinery.com\/pl\/blog\/kurs-python-funkcje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kurs Python: Funkcje\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Funkcja w Pythonie to blok zorganizowanego kodu przeznaczonego do wielokrotnego u\u017cytku. 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